SAF and the EU ReFuel Aviation Directive: new rules for a sustainable transition in aviation

Introduction

The aviation industry is one of the leading sources of global greenhouse gas emissions, making a significant contribution to climate change. To address this challenge, the European Union has introduced the ReFuelEU Aviation Directive, aimed at promoting the adoption of SAF (Sustainable Aviation Fuels) — sustainable fuels capable of drastically reducing the environmental impact of commercial flights.

To support this transition, several certification schemes have been introduced, such as ISCC EU, and CORSIA ensuring the sustainability of the fuels being used.

In this article, we will examine in detail the obligations of the ReFuelEU Directive and how aviation companies can adapt to these new regulations while leveraging the environmental and economic benefits offered by SAF.

What is “SAF”? The key role in decarbonization

Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) are produced from advanced biomass, waste oils, and other renewable resources. Unlike conventional kerosene, SAF provide:

• Up to 80% reduction in CO₂ emissions across their life cycle (from production to combustion).
• Full compatibility with existing aircraft engines, requiring no substantial technical modifications, making SAF an immediately viable solution for airlines.
• Diversification of energy sources: SAF production can rely on a wide range of renewable resources, reducing global dependence on fossil fuels and stabilizing fuel prices in the long term.

Why is the EU focusing on SAF?

Beyond meeting climate targets, SAF helps create a resilient energy ecosystem, less vulnerable to geopolitical crises and fluctuations in oil prices.

The ReFuel EU Directive: obligations and targets for SAF adoption

The ReFuelEU Aviation Directive is one of the EU’s central measures to drive the transition toward sustainable aviation. Starting in 2025, airlines will be required to progressively increase the share of sustainable fuels in their mix, with the goal of reducing the sector’s overall emissions.

Key obligations include:

• Progressive SAF quotas: 2% by 2025, increasing annually to 5% by 2030 and 70% by 2050.
• Mandatory use of advanced biofuels (excluding those derived from food crops).
• Transparency and traceability: annual reporting of emissions and certification of SAF sustainability (under ISCC EU).
• Emission reduction targets: alignment with the Fit for 55 package (EU emissions cut by 55% by 2030).

Adopting SAF will not only be a matter of regulatory compliance but also a pillar of future competitiveness for airlines, as customers and regulators increasingly value sustainable practices.

What are the risks for non-compliant companies?

• Fines of up to 10% of global revenue
• Exclusion from EU incentives for the green transition

SAF Certifications: ISCC EU, CORSIA, and RSB to ensure sustainability

To be officially recognized as “sustainable,” SAF must obtain international certification.

Main certification schemes:

• ISCC EU: EU-recognized standard that verifies both environmental and social sustainability across the entire supply chain.

• CORSIA (Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation): An ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) initiative aimed at reducing aviation CO₂ emissions through offsetting and emission reduction measures, playing a central role in promoting global SAF adoption.

• RSB (Roundtable on Sustainable Biomaterials): Ensures that materials used for biofuel production meet high environmental and social standards, minimizing impacts on ecosystems and local communities.

Each certification requires companies to comply with rigorous standards covering the entire SAF life cycle — from raw material sourcing and production to final use.

Market opportunities and challenges for airlines adopting SAF

Adopting SAF presents both opportunities and challenges for airlines. While sustainable fuels can reduce emissions and strengthen corporate reputation, implementation requires investments in infrastructure and technology.

Market opportunities:

• Sustainability leadership: airlines proactively adopting SAF can position themselves as leaders in the transition, attracting environmentally conscious customers.

• Access to incentives and funding: the EU offers tax benefits and financing programs to support SAF adoption, significantly reducing implementation costs.

• Long-term competitiveness: as demand for sustainable solutions grows, early adopters will secure a lasting advantage.

Key challenges:

• High initial costs: SAF currently costs more to produce than traditional fossil-based fuels, which may hinder large-scale adoption.

• Complex logistics: widespread SAF adoption requires investment in distribution and storage infrastructure, as well as upgrades to refueling systems.

• Raw material competition: although production capacity is growing, global availability remains limited, potentially driving competition for feedstocks.

How to comply with the ReFuel EU Directive?

Prometheus provides a full range of end-to-end services to support aviation companies in adopting SAF and complying with the ReFuelEU Directive. From regulatory consulting to obtaining certifications, our team of experts helps implement sustainable solutions that reduce emissions and boost competitiveness.

Our services include:

• Feasibility analysis: we assess the obligations applicable to your company and define the best strategy to ensure compliance.
• Certifications: we support you in obtaining the certification most suitable for your company and supply chain, from implementation to third-party auditing.
• Technical training: courses on SAF management, emissions reporting, and logistics optimization.
• Access to incentives: guidance in securing EU funding and tax benefits.

Want to avoid penalties and become a leader in sustainable aviation?

Contact Prometheus today and discover how SAF can help you cut emissions and comply with the ReFuelEU Directive.

Turn regulatory obligations into competitive advantages!